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When it comes to identifying aldehydes and ketones, there are several tests available that are commonly used in chemistry. One of the most widely applied tests is the Sodium Bisulphite test, also known as the NaHSO3 test. This test is particularly useful because it is highly selective towards aldehydes, making it a reliable method to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.

Sodium Bisulphite Test

The Sodium Bisulphite test works by adding a solution of Sodium Bisulphite to a suspected aldehyde or ketone. If the solution turns cloudy, then it indicates that an aldehyde is present. This reaction occurs because aldehydes are more reactive towards nucleophiles, and Sodium Bisulphite acts as a nucleophile in this reaction. Ketones do not undergo this reaction because the double bond in the ketone is stronger and less prone to attack by nucleophiles.

Sodium Bisulphite TestThe NaHSO3 test is relatively easy to carry out and does not require expensive reagents. However, it can sometimes produce false positives if the compound being tested also contains another functional group that is more reactive towards nucleophiles than aldehydes. In such cases, it’s important to use additional tests to confirm the presence of aldehydes.

2,4-DNP Test

Another test that is commonly used to identify aldehydes and ketones is the 2,4-DNP test. This test involves reacting a suspected aldehyde or ketone with a solution of 2,4-DNP to produce a yellow or orange precipitate. The formation of this precipitate indicates the presence of either an aldehyde or a ketone, as both will react with 2,4-DNP. However, the colour of the precipitate can sometimes be less specific, making it necessary to use additional tests to confirm the identity of the compound.

2,4-DNP TestOverall, there are many tests available for identifying aldehydes and ketones, and each has its advantages and limitations. Depending on the specific needs of the user, one or more of these tests can be used to ensure accurate identification of the compound in question.

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